Feeding sprouted grain after mixed summer weather

Because of this summer’s weather – Montana has been hot, cold, rainy and, in some parts, snowy – the grain harvest was delayed in many areas, and some barley and wheat have sprouted in the seed heads. These sprouted grains, although not suitable for traditional markets, can be used as a feedstuff for livestock according to Megan Van Emon, Extension beef cattle specialist.

Based on research, sprouted grains have similar feed value to non-sprouted grains. Daily gains and feed efficiency in the feedlot are similar between cattle consuming non-sprouted or sprouted grains. However, due to the high starch content of wheat and barley, feeding below 20 percent of the total ration on a dry matter basis is recommended to minimize incidences of acidosis. For the greatest benefit of feeding wheat and barley, either sprouted or not, the kernels should be rolled or cracked and should never be self-fed or used for creep feeding. Fine grinding of wheat and barley should be avoided.

Major areas of concern when feeding sprouted grains are proper storage and the potential development of mold and mycotoxins. Proper storage of the sprouted grains is crucial to maintaining quality and limiting mold growth.

If moisture levels are less than 13 percent, it can be stored as you would ordinarily store grain. When determining moisture levels of a field, make sure multiple samples are collected. Moisture content may vary across the field depending on topography and wind, which would cause uneven drying the sprouted grain.

If moisture levels are greater than 13 percent, ensiling may be a better option for storage. Sprouted grains can be ensiled in silos, bunkers, or storage bags. Whole grain does not pack well, so rolling or cracking of the grain should be done prior to ensiling. Sprouted grains, such as barley and wheat, can be layered with corn silage during silage packing to ensile the sprouted grain.

The combination of high moisture and cool weather conditions means mold may develop in sprouted grains. If mold is seen on the sprouted grains, it is recommended to collect multiple samples from around the field. Proper drying of the sprouted grains is more likely to occur on the outer edges, while the center of a field will be more susceptible to mold and mycotoxin production due to higher moisture content.

 Mold and mycotoxin levels should be assessed prior to feeding or harvesting because they can be hazardous to both humans and livestock. Contact the Extension Office for recommendations on testing at 654-2543.